Scalp reconstruction balances inelastic hair-bearing skin, robust dual blood supply, & curved skull. Small defects use primary closure, VAC, second intention, or skin anchors. Grafts need a vascular bed and no planned radiation. Larger gaps need local, rotation, or advancement flaps.
Cleft lip results from incomplete fusion of embryologic structures, leading to lip and nasal deformities. It is classified by laterality and completeness. Repair occurs at 3–6 months using techniques like Millard’s and Fisher’s subunit repair to restore function, symmetry, & aesthetics.
The cervical lymph nodes of the neck are organized into levels based on their anatomical locations and drainage patterns. These nodes drain specific areas of the head and neck, aiding in identifying primary tumor sites and guiding surgical management.
Hemifacial microsomia is the commonest craniofacial abnormality. This article details the genetics, clinical features, classifications and management.
Treacher Collins Syndrome is a genetic craniofacial syndrome characterised by hypoplasia, external ear and eyelid malformations and visual disturbance.
Pierre Robin Sequence is glossoptosis, micrognathia and upper airway respiratory obstruction. This article details pathophysiology, causes and treatment.
Progressive Hemifacial atrophy is the progressive wasting of facial structures. This article details the causes, clinical features and management.
Craniofacial clefts are skeletal and soft-tissue abnormalities. This article details the Tessier Classification, types of clefts and their management.
Neck dissections are described as radical, extended, modified, and selective. This article details the indications, anatomy, and complications of neck dissections.
Tumours of the oral cavity are most commonly squamous cell carcinoma. This article details anatomy, staging, surgical, and reconstructive options.
Salivary gland tumours involve the parotid, submandibular, sublingual, and minor glands. This article details the anatomy, classifications and treatment options.
Mandibular defects are classified and reconstructed based on their location and size. This article details the anatomy, classifications, and reconstructive algorithms.
An ectropion is an eversion of the lower eyelid. This article details the causes, classification, assessment, and treatment of an ectropion.
Lip reconstruction is guided by defect location, size, and depth. This article details the local flap, free flap, and primary closure options for lip reconstruction.
Dynamic facial nerve palsy reconstruction involves nerve grafts, nerve transfers, muscle transfers or muscle flaps. This article details the decision-making process and techniques.
Hypertelorism is an increase in interorbital distance. This article details causes, classifications, and treatment options.
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. It most commonly involves the sagittal suture. It can be isolated or part of a syndrome.
Microtia is a congenital hypoplastic malformation of the ear. This article details the assessment, classification, and surgical management of microtia.
Pharyngeal arches (branchial arches) provide nerve, artery, bone and muscle to the craniofacial development. This article explores arches, pouches and grooves.
Basal cell carcinomas are the most common skin cancer. This article details their aetiology, diagnosis and treatment options.
The hard and soft palate is composed of bone and soft tissue. This article details structures, neuromuscular supply and abnormal anatomy.
Maxillary reconstruction aims to recreate soft tissue and bone. This article details anatomy, indications for resection, classification and treatment algorithms of the Maxilla.
This journal club analyses and reviews the original publication by Mustarde for the correction of prominent ears.
Lower Eyelid Reconstruction can be explained in relation to the defect or the type of reconstruction options. This article details direct closure, graft, or flaps to partial or full-thickness defects.
A zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture is a fracture that involves the zygoma and its surrounding bones. They are the second most common facial fractures after nasal bones. This article details the anatomy, evaluation, and treatment.
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