Isolated cleft palate is a congenital gap in hard/soft palate behind incisive foramen. Classified into complete, incomplete, or submucous. Repair before 18 months (Furlow, intravelar veloplasty) to restore speech, protect growth, & prevent fistula. Monitor for VPD, fistula, & maxillary retrusion.
Prominent ears (>30° tilt or >2 cm from skull) usually lack a defined antihelical fold or have a hypertrophic concha. Otoplasty reshapes cartilage with techniques like Mustardè or Furnas, restoring natural projection; recovery needs headband support and hematoma vigilance.
Congenital haemangiomas are GLUT-1–negative vascular tumours fully formed at birth. They appear as solitary violaceous plaques and follow RICH (rapid), PICH (partial), or NICH (none) involution. Diagnosis is clinical; observe unless bleeding, ulcer, or cosmetic concern warrants surgery/laser.
Cleft lip results from incomplete fusion of embryologic structures, leading to lip and nasal deformities. It is classified by laterality and completeness. Repair occurs at 3–6 months using techniques like Millard’s and Fisher’s subunit repair to restore function, symmetry, & aesthetics.
Infantile haemangiomas (IHs) are caused by dysregulated vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, and can be superficial or deep. Diagnosis is primarily clinical but may include imaging and histology. Treatments include propranolol, laser therapy, and surgery for complications.
Macrodactyly involves disproportionate digit overgrowth, often due to lipofibromatosis of the nerve and PiK3CA mutations. Diagnosed via X-rays, MRI, and genetic tests, it's treated surgically to debulk and stop growth. Surgical management focuses on nerve issues to reduce recurrence.
An overview of congenital dermoid cysts, benign growths from ectodermal entrapment, common in the head and neck. Focus on orbital and nasal presentations and surgical management to prevent complications.
Poland syndrome is a congenital condition involving unilateral chest wall deformity and hand anomalies. It can be managed surgically for functional and aesthetic improvement.
Hemifacial microsomia is the commonest craniofacial abnormality. This article details the genetics, clinical features, classifications and management.
Treacher Collins Syndrome is a genetic craniofacial syndrome characterised by hypoplasia, external ear and eyelid malformations and visual disturbance.
Pierre Robin Sequence is glossoptosis, micrognathia and upper airway respiratory obstruction. This article details pathophysiology, causes and treatment.
Congenital Melanocytic Naevi are pigmented lesions present at birth. This article details clinical features, management and risk of malignancy.
Polydactyly is the radial, ulnar, or central duplication of digits. This article details the classification, treatment, and aetiology of this congenital condition.
Upper Limb development occurs during weeks 4-8 of gestation. This article details the mechanisms of development and critical milestones.
Camptodactyly is the progressive flexion deformity of the PIPJ. This article details the aetiology, features, classification, and management of this congenital hand condition.
Syndactyly is the fusion of soft tissue and bone of the finger. This article details the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of syndactyly.
Thumb hypoplasia is congenital undergrowth of the thumb. This article details its diagnosis, classification, and treatment.
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. It most commonly involves the sagittal suture. It can be isolated or part of a syndrome.
Microtia is a congenital hypoplastic malformation of the ear. This article details the assessment, classification, and surgical management of microtia.
Pharyngeal arches (branchial arches) provide nerve, artery, bone and muscle to the craniofacial development. This article explores arches, pouches and grooves.
Infantile haemangiomas are benign proliferative tumours. This article details their aetiology, clinical features, investigations and management.
The hard and soft palate is composed of bone and soft tissue. This article details structures, neuromuscular supply and abnormal anatomy.
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of clinical practice and exams.
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of both practice and exams.
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of both practice and exams
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of both practice and exams
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of clinical practice and exam
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of clinical practice and exam
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of clinical practice and exams
Cleft hand is a central longitudinal congenital deficiency. This article details the aetiology, features, classification and treatment.
This journal club analyses and reviews the original publication by Mustarde for the correction of prominent ears.
Vascular anomalies can be classified as malformations or tumours. This article details their pathology and classification systems
Craniofacial Distraction Osteogenesis is a key principle in paediatric craniofacial surgery. These articles explores techniques, types, biology & indications
5 Key Points – Velopharnygeal Insufficiency Velopharyngeal Insufficiency and its aetiology, clinic picture, diagnosis and management can be summarised in 5
Van der Woude syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterised by lower lip pits and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Clinical presentation is variable because of the autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. Management is a multidisciplinary approach.
Surgical techqniues for Otoplasty are well-described. They are best understood by classifying them into manouvres aimed at correcting prominent ears.
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