![Congenital Brachial Plexus Palsy: Anatomy, Diagnosis, & Treatment](/content/images/size/w100/2024/06/Feature-Images--8-.png)
Congenital Brachial Plexus Palsy: Anatomy, Diagnosis, & Treatment
Congenital Brachial Plexus Palsy: Upper limb movement loss at birth, often from birthing traction. Early surgical exploration recommended if no biceps function after 3 months.
Congenital Brachial Plexus Palsy: Upper limb movement loss at birth, often from birthing traction. Early surgical exploration recommended if no biceps function after 3 months.
Breast augmentation uses implants to enhance size and shape, with techniques tailored to patient needs and potential complications like BIA-ALCL.
Giant Cell Tumours are neoplastic lesions on tendon sheaths, often in hands. Diagnosed via physical exam and imaging, often treated with surgical excision. Recurrence is common.
Dupuytren's disease causes progressive hand contractures from fibrous nodules in the palm. Common in older Northern European men, it's linked to genetics and manual labor. Diagnosis is clinical, with treatments including collagenase injections, needle aponeurotomy, or surgery.
Gynecomastia is male breast enlargement due to glandular growth and fat, caused by hormonal imbalances. It often presents as painless and bilateral. Diagnosis involves history, tests, and imaging. Treatment ranges from lifestyle changes and medication to surgery for persistent cases.
Poland syndrome is a congenital condition involving unilateral chest wall deformity and hand anomalies. It can be managed surgically for functional and aesthetic improvement.
Hemifacial microsomia is the commonest craniofacial abnormality. This article details the genetics, clinical features, classifications and management.
Treacher Collins Syndrome is a genetic craniofacial syndrome characterised by hypoplasia, external ear and eyelid malformations and visual disturbance.
Pierre Robin Sequence is glossoptosis, micrognathia and upper airway respiratory obstruction. This article details pathophysiology, causes and treatment.
Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome involves compression of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. It manifests as motor and sensory issues, varying based on the compression site. Diagnosis primarily uses X-rays, while management ranges from non-surgical interventions to surgical decompression.
Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome (AINS) affects the median nerve's motor branch, leading to muscle paralysis without sensory loss. Diagnosis involves physical exams, EMG, and imaging. Initial treatment is conservative, followed by surgery if symptoms persist.
Pronator Syndrome involves compression of the median nerve in the forearm, often affecting middle-aged women. It typically presents with forearm pain and a positive Tinel sign. Management starts conservatively with rest and splinting, progressing to surgery if symptoms persist.
Progressive Hemifacial atrophy is the progressive wasting of facial structures. This article details the causes, clinical features and management.
Craniofacial clefts are skeletal and soft-tissue abnormalities. This article details the Tessier Classification, types of clefts and their management.
Burns Fluid resuscitation aims to restore volume and preserve perfusion. This article details indications, types of fluids, formula calculations and complications.
Electrical Burns can be high voltage, low voltage, direct, or alternating current. They cause skin and deep tissue injury. This article details their causes, management, and complications.
Neck dissections are described as radical, extended, modified, and selective. This article details the indications, anatomy, and complications of neck dissections.
Tumours of the oral cavity are most commonly squamous cell carcinoma. This article details anatomy, staging, surgical, and reconstructive options.
The most common chemical burns are acids and alkalis. This article details their mechanisms, clinical features, and management.
Burns result in local and systemic complications. This article details these complications and management in burn patients.
Thumb MCPJ UCL injuries range is typically diagnosed with stress tests and imaging. Conservative treatment for partial tears to surgical repair for complete tears and avulsions.
Seymour fractures are open, displaced distal phalangeal fractures in children, often caused by crushing injuries and associated with nail bed damage. Treatment includes irrigation, debridement, reduction, fixation, and antibiotics.
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Salivary gland tumours involve the parotid, submandibular, sublingual, and minor glands. This article details the anatomy, classifications and treatment options.
The facial nerve has intracranial, intratemporal and extracranial anatomical sections. This article details the origin, course, branches and variations of the facial nerve.
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An ectropion is an eversion of the lower eyelid. This article details the causes, classification, assessment, and treatment of an ectropion.
Congenital Melanocytic Naevi are pigmented lesions present at birth. This article details clinical features, management and risk of malignancy.
Lip reconstruction is guided by defect location, size, and depth. This article details the local flap, free flap, and primary closure options for lip reconstruction.
Dynamic facial nerve palsy reconstruction involves nerve grafts, nerve transfers, muscle transfers or muscle flaps. This article details the decision-making process and techniques.
Hypertelorism is an increase in interorbital distance. This article details causes, classifications, and treatment options.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin arises from epidermal keratinocytes. This article details the clinical picture, treatment options, risk groups, staging and guidelines
Polydactyly is the radial, ulnar, or central duplication of digits. This article details the classification, treatment, and aetiology of this congenital condition.
Upper Limb development occurs during weeks 4-8 of gestation. This article details the mechanisms of development and critical milestones.
Septic arthritis of the hand arises from direct inoculation, local infection spread, or hematogenous routes, often due to Staphylococcus aureus. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, imaging, and lab tests, with treatment requiring surgical debridement and antibiotics.
Flexor Tenosynovitis is a surgical emergency needing admission, elevation, IV antibiotics, and usually surgical washout within 24 hours.
Camptodactyly is the progressive flexion deformity of the PIPJ. This article details the aetiology, features, classification, and management of this congenital hand condition.
Syndactyly is the fusion of soft tissue and bone of the finger. This article details the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of syndactyly.
Necrotising fasciitis is a severe infection causing tissue death. Symptoms include severe pain and rapid tissue destruction, requiring immediate medical and surgical intervention to prevent high mortality.
Thumb hypoplasia is congenital undergrowth of the thumb. This article details its diagnosis, classification, and treatment.
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. It most commonly involves the sagittal suture. It can be isolated or part of a syndrome.
Microtia is a congenital hypoplastic malformation of the ear. This article details the assessment, classification, and surgical management of microtia.
Pharyngeal arches (branchial arches) provide nerve, artery, bone and muscle to the craniofacial development. This article explores arches, pouches and grooves.
The breast is a composition of alveoli, lobules and lobes. It receives blood and sensory supply from a diverse number of arteries and nerves.
Infantile haemangiomas are benign proliferative tumours. This article details their aetiology, clinical features, investigations and management.
Basal cell carcinomas are the most common skin cancer. This article details their aetiology, diagnosis and treatment options.
The scaphoid bone, as the largest carpal bone in the proximal carpal row, is crucial in the wrist's mechanical integrity. This article explores scaphoid bone's anatomy, mechanics, and significance.
Melanoma is a malignant proliferation of melanocytes. This article details the features, diagnosis, role of sentinel node biopsy, and staging.
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The lower eyelid is a bilamellar structure composed of skin, muscle, tarsus and conjunctiva. This article details the anatomy, blood supply, and lacrimal system.
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This article explores tuberous breast correction, detailing aesthetic improvement strategies and symmetry via specific surgical techniques, guided by Von Heimburg's classification for precise and optimal outcomes.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS)is a technique pioneered by Dr. Frederic Mohs in the 1930s. This article explores the indications, techniques & advantages.
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This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of clinical practice and exams.
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of clinical practice and exams.
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of both practice and exams.
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of both practice and exams
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of both practice and exams
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of clinical practice and exam
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of clinical practice and exam
This assesses your clinical expertise, decision-making, and management skills through an oral "viva" structure, using real-world scenarios representative of clinical practice and exams
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This journal club analyses and reviews the original publication by Mustarde for the correction of prominent ears.
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Brachial Plexus anatomy is a complex topic that can be difficult to learn. This article details the key anatomical points, provides mnemonics and detailed illustrations.
A burn can be classified as superficial, partial thickness, or full-thickness. This article details the assessment of burns with charts, tables, and illustrations.
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A review of indications, surgical techniques, complications, and outcomes for finger replantations following a traumatic amputation.
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Hidradenitis Suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory condition of hair follicles. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, biologics and surgery.
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Breast Implant associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (Bi-ALCL) is linked to textured implants. It should be suspected in patients with late-onset seroma. It can be confirmed cytologically and histologically.
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