Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is the most common upper extremity compression neuropathy. This article reviews the current literature in relation to anatomy, clinical diagnosis, and treatment options of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

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Pressure Ulcers

Pressure sores or ulcers are a chronic condition often seen in patients with poor mobility, hygiene, and perfusion to areas that receive increased pressures. This article references 22 peer-reviewed publications.

Opioid Use among Adolescents Undergoing Surgical Repair of Facial Trauma

A concise review of an importan publication in PRS Journal by Som et al, in March 2021.

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Swan Neck Deformity vs Boutonnières

Swan-neck and Boutonnière deformities are caused by an imbalance in mechanics at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ). This article explains their aetiology, features, biomechanics and treatment.

Craniofacial Distraction Osteogenesis

Craniofacial Distraction Osteogenesis is a key principle in paediatric craniofacial surgery. These articles explores techniques, types, biology & indications

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

5 Key Points – Velopharnygeal Insufficiency Velopharyngeal Insufficiency and its aetiology, clinic picture, diagnosis and management can be summarised in 5

Oncological Adjuvant Trials in Melanoma

Major adjuvant oncological trials in melanoma show a significant survival benefit in patients with completely resected stage III disease, as discussed here.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Hidradenitis Suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory condition of hair follicles. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, biologics and surgery.

Temporal/Frontal Branch of Facial Nerve

Facial nerve's frontal or temporal branch has significant anatomical varation. This details its origin, course, innveration, clinical findings when injured.

van der Woude Syndrome

Van der Woude syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterised by lower lip pits and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Clinical presentation is variable because of the autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. Management is a multidisciplinary approach.

Otoplasty – Overview of Techniques

Surgical techqniues for Otoplasty are well-described. They are best understood by classifying them into manouvres aimed at correcting prominent ears.

Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block

Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block uses the space between internal oblique & transversus abdominis muscle. Technique can be direct or ultrasound-guided.

Hypertrophic vs. Keloid Scar

Abnormal scars can be defined as Hypertrophic or Keloid. They do not follow normal scar evolution and difference from clinical, morphological and treatment perspective.

Soft Tissue Reconstruction in Lower Limb Trauma – Overview

Soft Tissue Reconstruction in lower limb trauma is a complex area to understand theoretical principles and practical nuances. This article provides a decision algorithm as a guide.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Staging

Squamous Cell Carcinoma has 3 main staging systems: AJCC, BWH and NCNN. There is no universally accepted method.

Gustilo Anderson Open Fracture Classification

Gustilo-Anderson is the most common grading system for open/compound fractures. It risk stratifies the patient and guides management.

Bennett Fracture

A Bennett Fracture is an oblique, intra-articular fracture at the volar-ulnar base of the thumb metacarpal. This article details the anatomy, diagnosis and treatment of Bennett's Fracture.

Total Body Surface Area in Burns

The total body surface area (TBSA) of a burn can be calculated with a Lund and Browder Chart, Wallace Rule-of-Nines or the palmar method. An accurate estimation of a burn guides acute management, fluid resuscitation, nutrition supplementation and prognosis.

Volar Incisions – Bruner, Mid-lateral & others

There are different techniques described for volar hand surgery. This article describes, illustrates, and compares Bruner, Mild-lateral, and other incisions.

Compartment Syndrome of the Hand

Compartment syndrome of the hand is an uncommon but acute surgical issue. With reference to 41 peer-reviewed publications, this article discusses the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of compartment syndrome.

Upper Eyelid Ptosis: Classification, Diagnosis, & Management

Upper eyelid ptosis is the abnormal drooping of the upper lid due to dysfunction of the levator or Müller’s muscle. It can be congenital or acquired. Diagnosis requires eyelid measurements and levator assessment. Surgery is tailored to function and severity.

Radial Tunnel Syndrome

Radial Tunnel Syndrome is a common entrapment neuropathy of the posterior interosseous nerve. This reviews anatomy, diagnosis and treatment.