Temporal/Frontal Branch of Facial Nerve
Facial nerve's frontal or temporal branch has significant anatomical varation. This details its origin, course, innveration, clinical findings when injured.
van der Woude Syndrome
Van der Woude syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterised by lower lip pits and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Clinical presentation is variable because of the autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. Management is a multidisciplinary approach.
Otoplasty – Overview of Techniques
Surgical techqniues for Otoplasty are well-described. They are best understood by classifying them into manouvres aimed at correcting prominent ears.
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block uses the space between internal oblique & transversus abdominis muscle. Technique can be direct or ultrasound-guided.
Hypertrophic vs. Keloid Scar
Abnormal scars can be defined as Hypertrophic or Keloid. They do not follow normal scar evolution and difference from clinical, morphological and treatment perspective.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction in Lower Limb Trauma – Overview
Soft Tissue Reconstruction in lower limb trauma is a complex area to understand theoretical principles and practical nuances. This article provides a decision algorithm as a guide.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Staging
Squamous Cell Carcinoma has 3 main staging systems: AJCC, BWH and NCNN. There is no universally accepted method.
Gustilo Anderson Open Fracture Classification
Gustilo-Anderson is the most common grading system for open/compound fractures. It risk stratifies the patient and guides management.
Bennett Fracture
A Bennett Fracture is an oblique, intra-articular fracture at the volar-ulnar base of the thumb metacarpal. This article details the anatomy, diagnosis and treatment of Bennett's Fracture.
Total Body Surface Area in Burns
The total body surface area (TBSA) of a burn can be calculated with a Lund and Browder Chart, Wallace Rule-of-Nines or the palmar method. An accurate estimation of a burn guides acute management, fluid resuscitation, nutrition supplementation and prognosis.
Volar Incisions – Bruner, Mid-lateral & others
There are different techniques described for volar hand surgery. This article describes, illustrates, and compares Bruner, Mild-lateral, and other incisions.
Compartment Syndrome of the Hand
Compartment syndrome of the hand is an uncommon but acute surgical issue. With reference to 41 peer-reviewed publications, this article discusses the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of compartment syndrome.
Upper Eyelid Ptosis: Classification, Diagnosis, & Management
Upper eyelid ptosis is the abnormal drooping of the upper lid due to dysfunction of the levator or Müller’s muscle. It can be congenital or acquired. Diagnosis requires eyelid measurements and levator assessment. Surgery is tailored to function and severity.
Radial Tunnel Syndrome
Radial Tunnel Syndrome is a common entrapment neuropathy of the posterior interosseous nerve. This reviews anatomy, diagnosis and treatment.
"RHINO" Nasal Analysis for Rhinoplasty
The pre-operative Rhinoplasty examination can often be challenging. The "RHINO" structure, which was created by P'Fella, can act as a template and guide for the patient consultation.
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